SMK SUNGAI BESAR

SMK SUNGAI BESAR

Saturday, November 2, 2013

ACID DAN BES-KEPEKATAN


Tarikh :
Kepekatan asid dan alkali / Acid and alkali concentration

Concentration/ Kepekatan
The measurement of substance/ solute dissolved in an amount of solvent (water)
Ukuran bahan larut melarut dalam 1 dm3 larutan (air)

Two ways to measure  concentration/ Dua cara pengukuran kepekatan:

(1)    Kepekatan/ Jumlah jisim dalam 1 dm3 pelarut =  Jisim bahan (g)
                                                                                                        Isipadu pelarut (dm3)

               Concentration/ total mass in 1 dm3 solvent = mass of substance
                                                                                                   Volume of solvent
                                                                           Unit : g dm-3

(2)    Kemolaran/ bilangan mol dalam 1 dm3 pelarut =  bilangan mol (mol)
                                                                                                        Isipadu pelarut (dm3)

       
                                                                           Unit : mol dm-3

Molarity/ Number of moles in 1 dm3 solvent =   no of moles
                                                                                          Volume of solvent


The relationship between molarity and concentration
Hubungan antara kemolaran dan kepekatan

 
Exercise/ Latihan A:
Calculate the concentration in g dm-3 for each following solution formed.
Hitungkan kepekatan dalam g dm-3 bagi setiap larutan terbentuk.

  1. 10 g of glucose is dissolved in 200 cm3 of water.
10 g glukosa dilarutkan dalam 200 cm3 air.




  1. 18 g of solid sodium hydroxide is dissolved in water to produce 750 cm3 of solution.
18 g pepejal natrium hidroksida dilarutkan dalam air untuk menghasilkan 750 cm3 larutan.




  1. 40 g of solid copper (II) sulphate is dissolved in water to make up 20 dm3 of solution.
40 g pepejal kuprum (II) sulfat dilarutkan dalam air untuk menjadikan 20 dm3 larutan.






  1. 6 g of magnesium sulphate is added to a beaker containing 200 cm3 of water.
6 g magnesium sulfat ditambahkan ke dalam bikar berisi 200 cm3 air.





  1. 5.6 g of salt Y is dissolved in 250 cm3 of water.
5.6   g garam Y dilarutkan dalam 250 cm3 air.




Exercise/ Latihan B:
Calculate the concentration in mol dm-3 for each following solution formed.
Hitungkan kepekatan dalam mol  dm-3 bagi setiap larutan terbentuk.

  1. 0.3 mol of solid sodium hydroxide  is dissolved in 250 cm3 of water.
0.3 mol pepejal natrium hidroksida  dilarutkan dalam 250 cm3 air.






  1. 0.1 mol of solid sodium hydroxide is dissolved in water to produce 500 cm3 of solution.
0.1 mol  pepejal natrium hidroksida dilarutkan dalam air untuk menghasilkan 500 cm3 larutan.






  1. 10 mol of solid copper (II) sulphate is dissolved in water to make up 5 dm3 of solution.
10 mol  pepejal kuprum (II) sulfat dilarutkan dalam air untuk menjadikan 5 dm3 larutan.







  1. 6 g of magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) is added to a beaker containing 200 cm3 of water.
6 g magnesium sulfat (MgSO4) ditambahkan ke dalam bikar berisi 200 cm3 air.
[ Relative atomic mass/ Jisim atom relative : Mg = 24; S=32; O=16]






  1. 58.5 g of salt sodium chloride, NaCl is dissolved in 250 cm3 of water.
58.5 g garam natrium klorida, NaCl dilarutkan dalam 250 cm3 air.
[ Relative atomic mass/ Jisim atom relative : Na = 23;  Cl=35.5]






Exercise / Latihan C

1.       The molarity of sulphuric acid is 0.5 mol dm-3.What is the concentration of the solution in gdm-3?
Kemolaran asid sulfurik ialah 0.5 moldm-3. Apakah kepekatan larutan ini dalam gdm-3?
[ Relative atomic mass/ Jisim atom relative : H = 1;  O=16; S = 32]







2.       The molarity of phosphoric acid, H3PO4 is 2 mol dm-3. What is the concentration of the acid in gdm-3?
Kemolaran asid fosforik  ialah 2 moldm-3. Apakah kepekatan asid  ini dalam gdm-3?
[ Relative atomic mass/ Jisim atom relative : H = 1;  O=16; P = 31]









  1. The concentration of sodium chloride solution is 1.989 g dm-3. Calculate the molarity of the solution in mol dm-3.
Kepekatan larutan natrium klorida ialah 1.989 g dm-3. Hitungkan kemolaran larutan dalam mol dm-3.
[ Relative atomic mass/ Jisim atom relative : Na = 23;  Cl = 35.5]





  1. What is the molarity of sulphuric acid with a concentration of 24.5 g dm-3. Given that the relative molecular mass of sulphuric acid is 98.
Apakah kemolaran asid sulfurik dengan kepekatan 24.5 g dm-3.Diberi jisim molekul relative  asid sulfurik 98.









  1. The molarity of  calcium hydroxide solution is 2 mol dm-3. Find the concentration of the solution in g dm-3.
Kemolaran larutan kalsium hidroksida ialah 2 mol dm-3. Cari kepekatan larutan dalam g dm-3.
[Relative atomic mass/ jisim atom relative: H= 1; O = 16; Ca = 40]











 
                              Molarity =           mol                                  mol = Molarity (M) x Volume (V)
                                             Volume(dm3)

                                             Mol =     MV
                                                            1000


Exercise A/ Latihan A
1.      Calculate the number of moles in 2 dm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH.
Hitungkan bilangan mol dalam 2 dm3 larutan natrium hidroksida, NaOH 0.5 mol dm-3.










2.      Calculate the number of moles in  250 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 barium hydroxide solution, Ba(OH)2.
Hitungkan bilangan mol dalam 250 cm3 larutan barium hidroksida, Ba(OH)2 0.1 mol dm-3.





3.      Calculate the number of moles of hydroxide ion in 250 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 potassium hydroxide solution, KOH.
Hitungkan bilangan mol ion hidroksida dalam 250 cm3 larutan kalium hidroksida, KOH 0.5 mol dm-3.






4.      Calculate the number of moles of hydrogen  ion present in 250 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid, H2SO4.
Hitungkan bilangan mol ion hydrogen dalam 250  cm3 asid sulfurik, H2SO4 , 0.1 mol dm-3.









5.      Calculate the number of moles of hydrogen  ion present in 50 cm3 of 0.01 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid, HCl.
Hitungkan bilangan mol ion hydrogen dalam 50 cm3 asid hidroklorik, HCl , 0.01 mol dm-3.







6.      Calculate the mass of potassium hydroxide solution, KOH.
Hitungkan jisim larutan kalium hidrosida, KOH. [ RAM/ JAR: K= 39; O=16; H=1]







7.       Find the mass of 100 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 glucose solution. Molar mass of glucose is 180 g mol-.
Cari jisim bagi 100 cm3 larutan glukosa 0.2 moldm-3. Jisim molar glukosa ialah 180 g mol-.






8.      Which of the following solutions has the highest concentration of hydrogen ions?
Larutan manakah mempunyai kepekatan ion hydrogen yang paling tinggi?

A     50 cm3 of 2 moldm-3 hydrochloric acid.    
B     50 cm3 of 2 moldm-3 ethanoic acid.
C     50 cm3 of 2 moldm-3 nitric acid.                 
D     50 cm3 of 2 moldm-3 sulphuric acid

9.      Sulphuric acid used as an electrolyte in a car battery has a concentration of 0.5 moldm-3. How many moles of sulphuric acid is there in 100 cm3? [spm2003]
Asid sulfurik yang digunakan sebagai elektrolit dalam bateri kereta mempunyai kepekatan 0.5 moldm-3. Berapakah bilangan mol asid sulfurik di dalam 100 cm3?

A                    0.025                    B             0.05                      C             0.1                        D            0.5       
10.   Which of the following solutions has the highest concentration of hydrogen ion?
Larutan manakah mempunyai kepekatan ion hydrogen yang paling tinggi?

A     50 cm3 of 1 moldm-3 H2SO4  solution.       
B     100 cm3 of 1 moldm-3 H2SO4  solution.
C     50 cm3 of 2 moldm-3 H2SO4  solution.       
D     150 cm3 of 1 moldm-3 H2SO4  solution

11.   Which acid contains the highest number of hydrogen ions?                     [SPM 2011]
Asid manakah yang mengandungi bilangan ion hidrogen yang paling tinggi?

A     25 cm3 of 1 mol dm–3 nitric acid                 
B     25 cm3 of 1 mol dm–3 ethanoic acid
C     25 cm3 of 1 mol dm–3 sulphuric acid          
D     25 cm3 of 1 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid













8g of solid sodium hydroxide, NaOH, is dissolved in distilled water to produce a solution of 1 000 cm3. The NaOH solution produced has the concentration of 8 g dm-3 and the molarity of 0.2 mol dm-3.
8 g pepejal natrium hidroksida, NaOH, dilarutkan dalam air suling untuk menghasilkan larutan yang mempunyai isipadu 1 000 cm3. Larutan NaOH yang terhasil itu mempunyai kepekatan 8 g dm-3 dan kemolaran 0.2 mol dm-3.

(i)        State the meaning of the concentration for the solution produced.
        Nyatakan maksud kepekatan bagi larutan yang terhasil.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii)   State the meaning of the molarity for the solution produced.
       Nyatakan maksud kemolaran bagi larutan yang terhasil.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Write the formula that represents the relationship between the number of mole (n), molarity (M) and volume (V) for the solution.
Tulis rumus yang mewakili hubungan antara bilangan mol (n), kemolaran (M) dan isipadu (V) bagi larutan itu    
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iv) Substitute the actual values of the number of mole, molarity and volume of the NaOH solution into the formula in (a)(iii).
Gantikan nilai-nilai sebenar bagi bilangan mol, kemolaran dan isipadu larutan NaOH itu ke dalam rumus di (a)(iii).
[Relative molecular mass of NaOH = 40] [Jisim molekul relatif bagi bagi NaOH = 40]












Standard Solution/ Larutan Piawai

Definition/ Takrif :

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Diagram below shows the preparation of the standard solution of NaOH, 0.2 mol dm-3.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan penyediaan larutan piawai NaOH, 0.2 mol dm-3.

(a) What are the two parameters that should be measured accurately to prepare the standard solution of NaOH?
Apakah dua parameter yang perlu disukat dengan tepat untuk menyediakan larutan piawai NaOH itu?

Parameter I :……………………………  Parameter II: ………………………………………

(b) After all the NaOH solution is poured into the volumetric flask, the beaker and the filter funnel must be rinsed several times with distilled water. After each rinse, all of this water is transferred into the volumetric flasks. Give one reason for doing this
Setelah semua larutan NaOH dituangkan ke dalam kelalang volumetri, bikar dan corong turas perlu dibilas beberapa kali dengan air suling.Selepas setiap bilasan, semua air bilasan itu dipindahkan masuk ke dalam kelalang volumetri.. Beri satu sebab mengapa ini perlu dilakukan.

(i) What step should be taken to ensure that the meniscus level of the standard solution is exactly in line with the graduation mark on the volumetric flask?
Apakah langkah yang perlu dilakukan untuk memastikan aras meniskus larutan piawai, segaris dengan tepat dengan tanda senggatan pada kelalang volumetri?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii)    A volumetric flask is more suitable to be used in the preparation of the standard solution rather than a beaker. Why?
Kelalang volumetri lebih sesuai digunakan untuk menyediakan larutan piawai berbanding dengan bikar. Mengapa?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii)   Why is the volumetric flask stoppered after the standard solution is prepared?
Mengapakah kelalang volumetri ditutup setelah larutan piawai disediakan?

………………………………………………………………………………………………





              
               Dilution / Pencairan

               M1V1 = M2V2       M1= molarity before dilute                           M2 = molarity after dilute
                                                      Kepekatan sebelum dicairkan                    Kepekatan selepas dicairkan


                                             V1= volume before dilute                              V2 = volume after dilute
                                                      isipadu sebelum dicairkan                           isipadu  selepas dicairkan



1.      What is the volume of distilled water required to be added to 25.0 cm3 of 0.5 moldm-3 sulphuric acid in order to produce a solution of 1.0 moldm-3?
Apakah isipadu air suling yang diperlukan untuk ditambahkan kepada 25.0 cm3 asid sulfurik 0.5 moldm-3 untuk menghasilkan larutan 1.0 moldm-3?

A     75.0 cm3              B             100.0 cm3            C             125.0 cm3            D            150.0 cm3

2.      Calculate the volume of 2 moldm-3 sodium carbonate solution needed to prepare 50 cm3 of 0.1 moldm-3 sodium carbonate solution.
Hitungkan isipadu larutan natrium karbonat 2 moldm-3 yang diperlu untuk menyediakan 50cm3 larutan natrium karbonat 0.1 moldm-3?

A     2.5 cm3                B             7.5 cm3                C             12.5 cm3              D            15.5 cm3

3.      Find the volume of 0.25 moldm-3 magnesium nitrate solution needed to prepare 50 cm3 of 0.04 moldm-3 magnesium nitrate solution.
Cari  isipadu larutan magnesium nitrat 0.25 moldm-3 yang diperlu untuk menyediakan 50cm3 larutan magnesium nitrat 0.04 moldm-3?

A     2.0 cm3                B             8.0 cm3                C             12.0 cm3              D            15.0 cm3

4.      Find the volume of 5 moldm-3 hydrochloric acid needed to pipett  to a 250 cm3 volumetric flask to produce  0.25 moldm-3 hydrochloric acid.
Cari  isipadu larutan asid hidroklorik  5 moldm-3 yang diperlu untuk dipipetkan ke dalam 250cm3 kelalang volumetric untuk menghasilkan  0.25  moldm-3 asid hidroklorik?

A     2.0 cm3                B             12.5 cm3              C             20.0 cm3              D            50.0 cm3

5.      What is the molarity of sodium hydroxide solution when 30 cm3 of water is added to
50 cm3 of 0.5 moldm-3 sodium hydroxide solution?
Apakah kemolaran larutan natrium hidroksida apabila 30 cm3 air ditambahkan kepada
50 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida 0.5 moldm-3?

A     0.02 moldm-3      B             0.2 moldm-3        C             0.31 moldm-3      D            0.5 moldm-3

6.      25 cm3 of distilled water is added to 75 cm3 of 2 moldm-3 nitric acid. Calculate the molarity of the diluted nitric acid?
25 cm3 air suling ditambahkan kepada 75 cm3 asid nitric 2 moldm-3. Hitungkan kemolaran asid nitric yang telah dicairkan?

A     0.2 moldm-3        B             1.0 moldm-3        C             1.5 moldm-3        D            2.0 moldm-3

7.      If 200 cm3 of water is added to 40 cm3 of 2 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid, what is the molarity of hydrochloric acid produced?
Jika 200 cm3 air ditambah kepada 40 cm3 asid hidroklorik 2 moldm-3, apakah kemolaran asid hidroklorik yang terhasil?

A     0.22 moldm-3      B             0.33 moldm-3      C             0.44 moldm-3      D            0.55 moldm-3

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